The data and statistics collected by the research team of the Hana Human Rights Organization have been compiled in accordance with reporting standards and verified through interviews with kolbars, their families, and eyewitnesses.
According to these findings, during the first half of the Iranian year 1404 (March 21 to September 22, 2025), at least 37 kolbars in different parts of Kurdistan lost their lives or sustained injuries.
Based on the recorded statistics, 17 kolbars died during this period: 14 as a result of direct fire by the border guards of the Islamic Republic, one in a traffic accident, one from cardiac arrest, and one due to hypothermia.
In addition, 20 kolbars were injured: 18 by direct fire from security forces of the Islamic Republic, one by falling from a height, and one in a traffic accident.
Although the number of injured kolbars in the first half of 1404 (March 21 to September 22, 2025) decreased by around 74 percent compared to the same period in 1403 (2024), and fatalitie decreased by 55 percent, this does not signify an improvement in the situation of kolbars along the borders of Kurdistan. Hana’s research confirms that kolbars remain exposed to deadly gunfire by the border guards of the Islamic Republic, who target them without any regard for legal or humanitarian standards.
It is also important to note that kolbari, a phenomenon rooted in the securitization of Kurdish cities and the resulting widespread unemployment, is not recognized as a form of employment under Iranian law and receives no protection under the country’s labor or social security regulations. As a result, not only are kolbars exposed to life-threatening risks on a daily basis, but they also lack any form of insurance coverage or health services for themselves and their families.
Hana Human Rights Organization
September 23, 2025 (Mehr 1, 1404)
Use of these statistics is permitted with proper attribution.